最新大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇-第8章
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2。A细节题。根据文章第三段It is； of course； not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex…defined roles in social life。 There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society； and those role differences that do exist are largely learned。 当然不是两性间最基本的生理和心理差别要求各自在社会生活中扮演不同的角色，而有充足的证据表明性别角色在每个社会都是不同的，性别角色的不同很大程度上是后天习得的。由此我们可以看出性别角色是由人的社会性决定的，因此A正确。
3。B细节题。文章第二段中说It is thus appropriate for women； not men； to be employed as nurses； social workers； elementary school teachers； household helpers； and clerks and secretaries。 These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role。 妇女受雇做护士、社会工作者、小学教师和秘书等工作，而这些工作不过是妇女家庭角色的延伸。选项B说的也正是这个意思。
4。A推断题。从全文来看，作者可能会同意一些社会学家预测妇女将在未来社会承担重要责任的看法。B项在文中未提到，C项尼采的观点更是这个问题上的众矢之的；D项没有指明具体优先考虑哪个性别，也不合适。
5。A推断题。文章最后作者说，人们相信nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society； sex…defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable 既然造物主要求男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。因此选项A。“按性别确定的角色的划分是完全不能接受的”符合题意，为正确选项。选项B、C、D的内容都在文章中出现过或暗示过，符合文章的意思，对本题来说不构成正确选项。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 10
Passage 10建议用时：6分钟From：To：
More and more； the operations of our business； governments； and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories。 Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards。 Even worse； a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment。
『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing； but even if the crime is detected； the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers。』①
Of course； we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected。 But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident； not by systematic inspections or other security procedures。 The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck。
For example； a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards。 Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions。 『In another case； dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed。』②
Unlike other lawbreakers； who must leave the country； commit suicide； or go to jail； computer criminals sometimes escape punishment； demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits。 All too often； their demands have been met。
Why？ Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused。 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives； accountants； and security staff。』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere。
1。It can be concluded from the passage that 。
A。 it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B。 computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C。 computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D。 people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2。It is implied in the third paragraph that 。
A。 many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B。 the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C。 most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D。 most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
3。Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？
A。 A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced。
B。 Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information。
C。 Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation。
D。 Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes。
4。 The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that 。
A。 they have skills formidably difficult for others to master
B。 the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished
C。 the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court
D。 those who commit crimes do not mean bad
5。What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught？
A。 With bad reputation they can hardly find another job。
B。 They will be denied access to confidential records。
C。 They may walk away and easily find another job。
D。 They must leave the country or go to jail。
Vocabulary
1。reap n。 收获
2。get away 逃脱
3。glowing adj。 热情洋溢的
4。recommendation n。 推荐信
5。statistics n。 统计数字
6。disturbing adj。 令人忧虑的
7。keypunch v。 打孔
8。tip off 泄露
9。transaction n。 交易
10。juggle v。 玩戏法，篡改
11。confidential adj。 绝密的
12。depart v。 离开
长难句解析
①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。
【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。
②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。
【译文】另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。
③ 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。
【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们（公司高层）犹豫了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，即使一旦被发现，也不会像其它犯罪一样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。
1。B推断题。首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C“用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不会被发现”，D“利用计算机犯罪的人是应他们公司的要求这样做的”都是错误的，文中没有提到。只有B，“计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。
2。A推断题。文章的第三段指出，“究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的：没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。
3。D细节题。A是“应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律”，B“公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制”，C“公司为了维护其声誉，应该对计算机犯罪严加防范”，文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞，遮遮掩掩。
4。C细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段。
5。C细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。
参考译文
企业、政
