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against her�察�is that she was a very cuddlesome morsel indeed。                     She was�察�

in   addition�察  �demonstrably   clever。       Such   a   man   of   talent   as   Inigo   Jones 

supported the decoration of many of the masques he set on the stage with 

costumes of Anne's design and confection。               Rachel could neither read nor 

write。 

     It   is   highly   probable   that   Anne   Turner   made   coin   out   of   the   notes 

which her late husband�察�so inquisitive of mind�察�had left on matters much 

more occult than the manufacture of yellow starch and skin lotions。                       ``It 

was also rumoured��'' says Mr Sabatini�察 �`that she amassed gold in another 

and   less   licit   manner�此  �that   she   dabbled   in   fortune´telling   and   the   arts   of 



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divination。''    We   shall   see�察  �as   the   story   develops�察  �that   the   rumour   had 

some foundation。        The inquiring mind of the late Dr Turner had led him 

into strange company�察�and his legacy to Anne included connexions more 

sombre than those in the extravagantly luxurious Court of King James。 

     In 1610 the elegant little widow was flourishing enough to be able to 

maintain a lover in good style。        This was Sir Arthur Mainwaring�察�member 

of a Cheshire family of good repute but of no great wealth。                By him she 

had three children。      Mainwaring was attached in some fashion to the suite 

of the Prince of Wales�察�Prince Henry。           And while the Prince's court at St 

James's Palace was something more modest�察�as it was more refined�察�than 

that of the King at Whitehall�察�position in it was not to be retained at ease 

without considerable expenditure。           It may be gauged�察�therefore�察�at   what 

expense Anne's   attachment   to   Mainwaring   would   keep   her�察  �and   to   what 

exercise of her talent and ambition her pride in it would drive her。                And 

her pride was absolute。        It would�察�says a contemporary diarist�察 �`make her 

fly at any pitch rather than fall into the jaws of want。''��9�А�

       ��9�А�Antony Weldon�察�The Court and Character of King James ��1651��。 



     �ァ�II 

     In his romance The Minion�察�Rafael Sabatini makes the first meeting of 

Anne Turner and the Countess of Essex occur in 1610 or 1611。                  With this 

date Judge A。 E。 Parry�察�in his book The Overbury Mystery�撮�10�А�seems to 

agree in part。      There is�察�however�察�warrant enough for believing that the 

two women had met long before that time。              Anne Turner herself�察�pleading 

at her trial for mercy from Sir Edward Coke�察�the Lord Chief Justice�察�put 

forward the plea that she had been ``ever brought up with the Countess of 

Essex�察�and had been a long time her servant。''��11�А           �She also made the like 

extenuative plea on the scaffold。��12�А          �Judge Parry seems to follow some 

of the contemporary writers in assuming that Anne was a spy in the pay of 

the   Lord   Privy   Seal�察  �the   Earl   of   Northampton。  If   this   was   so   there   is 

further ground for believing that Anne and Lady Essex had earlier contacts�察�

for Northampton was Lady Essex's great´uncle。                 The longer association 

would go far in explaining the terrible conspiracy into which�察�from soon 

after   that   time�察  �the  two    women     so   readily   fell  togethera    criminal 



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conspiracy�察�in which the reader may see something of the ``false nurse'' in 

Anne Turner and something of Jean Livingstone in Frances Howard�察�Lady 

Essex。 

       ��10�А�Fisher Unwin�察�1925。          ��11�А�State Trials ��Cobbett's edition��。          ��12�А�

Antony Weldon。 



     It   was   about   this   time�察  �1610´1611�察  �that   Lady   Essex   began   to   find 

herself interested in the handsome Robert Carr�察�then Viscount Rochester。 

Having reached the mature age of eighteen�察�the lovely Frances had been 

brought by her mother�察�the Countess of Suffolk�察�to Court。                   Highest in the 

King's favour�察�and so�察�with his remarkably good looks�察�his charm�察�and the 

elegant   taste   in   attire   and   personal   appointment   which   his   new   wealth 

allowed him lavishly to indulge�察�Rochester was by far the most brilliant 

figure there。     Frances fell in love with the King's minion。 

     Rochester�察�it would appear�察�did not immediately respond to the lady's 

advances。        They      were    probably     too    shy�察  �too   tentative�察   �to   attract 

Rochester's      attention。    It   is  probable�察   �also�察 �that   there   were    plenty   of 

beautiful women about the Court�察�more mature�察�more practised in the arts 

of coquetry than Frances�察�and very likely not at all `blate'as Carr and his 

master   would   put   itin   showing   themselves   ready   for   conquest   by   the 

King's handsome favourite。 

     Whether the acquaintance of Lady Essex with Mrs Turner was of long 

standing   or   not�察  �it   was   to   the  versatile Anne   that   her   ladyship   turned   as 

confidante。       The     hint   regarding     Anne's     skill  in   divination     will   be 

remembered。         Having regard to the period�察�and to the alchemistic nature 

of the goods that composed so much of Anne's stock´in´trade at the sign of 

the   Golden   Distaff�察  �in   Paternoster   Row�察  �it   may   be   conjectured   that   the 

love´lorn Frances had thoughts of a philtre。 

     With   an   expensive  lover   and   children   to   maintain�察  �to   say  nothing   of 

her own luxurious habits�察�Anne Turner would see in the Countess's appeal 

a   chance   to   turn   more   than   one   penny   into   the   family   exchequer。    She 

was too much the opportunist to let any consideration of old acquaintance 

interfere   with   working   such   a   potential   gold´mine   as   now   seemed   to   lie 

open   to   her   pretty   but   prehensile   fingers。    Lady   Essex   was   rich。     She 



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was   also   ardent   in   her   desire。  The   game   was   too   big   for Anne   to   play 

single´handed。        A real expert in cozening�察�a master of guile�察�was wanted 

to exploit the opportunity to its limit。 

     It   is   a   curious   phenomenon�察  �and   one   that   constantly   recurs   in   the 

history of cozenage�察�how people who live by spoof fall victims so readily 

to spoofery。      Anne Turner had brains。            There is no doubt of it。          Apart 

from   that   genuine   and   honest   talent   in   costume´design   which   made   her 

work acceptable to such an outstanding genius as Inigo Jones�察�she lived by 

guile。    But I have now to invite you to see her at the feet of one of the 

silliest charlatans who ever lived。          There is�察�of course�察�the possibility that 

Anne sat at the feet of this silly charlatan for what she might learn for the 

extension   of   her   own   technique。       Or�察  �again�察  �it   may   have   been   that   the 

wizard of Lambeth�察�whom she consulted in the Lady Essex affair�察�could 

provide  a  more   impressive   setting   for spoof  than   she had   handy�察  �or   that 

they were simply rogues together。              My trouble is to understand why�察�by 

the time that the Lady Essex came to her with her problem�察�Anne had not 

exhausted all   the gambits in flummery  that were   at the   command of   the 

preposterous Dr Forman。 

     The connexion with Dr Forman was part of the legacy left Anne by Dr 

Turner。     Her husband had been the friend and patron of Forman�察�so that 

by the time Anne had taken Mainwaring for her lover�察�and had borne him 

three   children�察  �she   must   have   had   ample   opp

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