alcibiades ii(唖櫛廉曳冉蟻帽)-及3嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
refrained from making his petition。 The mass of mankind would not
decline to accept a tyranny�察 �or the command of an army�察 �or any of the
numerous things which cause more harm than good�此�but rather�察�if they had
them not�察�would have prayed to obtain them。 And often in a short space of
time they change their tone�察�and wish their old prayers unsaid。 Wherefore
also I suspect that men are entirely wrong when they blame the gods as the
authors of the ills which befall them ��compare Republic���此 �'their own
presumption��' or folly ��whichever is the right word��
'Has brought these unmeasured woes upon them。' ��Homer。 Odyss。��
He must have been a wise poet�察�Alcibiades�察�who�察�seeing as I believe�察�
his friends foolishly praying for and doing things which would not really
profit them�察�offered up a common prayer in behalf of them all�此�
'King Zeus�察�grant us good whether prayed for or unsought by us�察�But
that which we ask amiss�察�do thou avert。' ��The author of these lines�察�which
are probably of Pythagorean origin�察�is unknown。 They are found also in
the Anthology ��Anth。 Pal。��。��
In my opinion�察 �I say�察 �the poet spoke both well and prudently�察 �but if
you have anything to say in answer to him�察�speak out。
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ALCIBIADES�此�It is difficult�察�Socrates�察�to oppose what has been well
said。 And I perceive how many are the ills of which ignorance is the cause�察�
since�察 �as would appear�察 �through ignorance we not only do�察 �but what is
worse�察�pray for the greatest evils。 No man would imagine that he would do
so�察�he would rather suppose that he was quite capable of praying for what
was best�此�to call down evils seems more like a curse than a prayer。
SOCRATES�此 �But perhaps�察 �my good friend�察 �some one who is wiser
than either you or I will say that we have no right to blame ignorance thus
rashly�察�unless we can add what ignorance we mean and of what�察�and also
to whom and how it is respectively a good or an evil�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�How do you mean�拭�Can ignorance possibly be better
than knowledge for any person in any conceivable case�拭�
SOCRATES�此�So I believe��you do not think so�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�And yet surely I may not suppose that you would ever
wish to act towards your mother as they say that Orestes and Alcmeon and
others have done towards their parent。
ALCIBIADES�此�Good words�察�Socrates�察�prithee。
SOCRATES�此�You ought not to bid him use auspicious words�察�who says
that you would not be willing to commit so horrible a deed�察�but rather him
who affirms the contrary�察 �if the act appear to you unfit even to be
mentioned。 Or do you think that Orestes�察 �had he been in his senses and
knew what was best for him to do�察�would ever have dared to venture on
such a crime�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�Nor would any one else�察�I fancy�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�That ignorance is bad then�察�it would appear�察�which is of
the best and does not know what is best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�So I think�察�at least。
SOCRATES�此�And both to the person who is ignorant and everybody
else�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此 �Let us take another case。 Suppose that you were
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suddenly to get into your head that it would be a good thing to kill Pericles�察�
your kinsman and guardian�察�and were to seize a sword and�察�going to the
doors of his house�察�were to enquire if he were at home�察�meaning to slay
only him and no one else��the servants reply�察�'Yes'�此。�Mind�察�I do not mean
that you would really do such a thing�察�but there is nothing�察�you think�察�to
prevent a man who is ignorant of the best�察�having occasionally the whim
that what is worst is best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。��
SOCRATES��If�察 �then�察 �you went indoors�察 �and seeing him�察 �did not
know him�察�but thought that he was some one else�察�would you venture to
slay him�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Most decidedly not ��it seems to me��。 ��These words are
omitted in several MSS。��
SOCRATES�此�For you designed to kill�察 �not the first who offered�察 �but
Pericles himself�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly。
SOCRATES�此�And if you made many attempts�察�and each time failed to
recognize Pericles�察�you would never attack him�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Never。
SOCRATES�此�Well�察 �but if Orestes in like manner had not known his
mother�察�do you think that he would ever have laid hands upon her�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�He did not intend to slay the first woman he came across�察�
nor any one else's mother�察�but only his own�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此 �Ignorance�察 �then�察 �is better for those who are in such a
frame of mind�察�and have such ideas�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Obviously。
SOCRATES�此�You acknowledge that for some persons in certain cases
the ignorance of some things is a good and not an evil�察�as you formerly
supposed�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do。
SOCRATES�此�And there is still another case which will also perhaps
appear strange to you�察 �if you will consider it�拭 。�The reading is here
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uncertain。��
ALCIBIADES�此�What is that�察�Socrates�拭�
SOCRATES�此�It may be�察�in short�察�that the possession of all the sciences�察�
if unaccompanied by the knowledge of the best�察�will more often than not
injure the possessor。 Consider the matter thus��Must we not�察 �when we
intend either to do or say anything�察 �suppose that we know or ought to
know that which we propose so confidently to do or say�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes�察�in my opinion。
SOCRATES�此�We may take the orators for an example�察�who from time
to time advise us about war and peace�察 �or the building of walls and the
construction of harbours�察�whether they understand the business in hand�察�or
only think that they do。 Whatever the city�察�in a word�察�does to another city�察�
or in the management of her own affairs�察�all happens by the counsel of the
orators。
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此�But now see what follows�察�if I can ��make it clear to you��。
��Some words appear to have dropped out here。�� You would distinguish the
wise from the foolish�拭�ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�The many are foolish�察�the few wise�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly。
SOCRATES�此 �And you use both the terms�察 �'wise' and 'foolish��' in
reference to something�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do。
SOCRATES�此�Would you call a person wise who can give advice�察�but
does not know whether or when it is better to carry out the advice�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Decidedly not。
SOCRATES�此�Nor again�察�I suppose�察�a person who knows the art of war�察�
but does not know whether it is better to go to war or for how long�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�Nor�察�once more�察�a person who knows how to kill another
or to take away his property or to drive him from his native land�察�but not
when it is better to do so or for whom it is better�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�But he who understands anything of the kind and has at
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the same time the knowledge of the best course of action��and the best
and the useful are surely the same�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES��Such an one�察 �