alcibiades ii(唖櫛廉曳冉蟻帽)-及4嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
and the useful are surely the same�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES��Such an one�察 �I say�察 �we should call wise and a useful
adviser both of himself and of the city。 What do you think�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I agree。
SOCRATES�此�And if any one knows how to ride or to shoot with the
bow or to box or to wrestle�察�or to engage in any other sort of contest or to
do anything whatever which is in the nature of an art��what do you call
him who knows what is best according to that art�拭�Do you not speak of
one who knows what is best in riding as a good rider�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�And in a similar way you speak of a good boxer or a
good flute´ player or a good performer in any other art�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此�But is it necessary that the man who is clever in any of
these arts should be wise also in general�拭�Or is there a difference between
the clever artist and the wise man�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�All the difference in the world。
SOCRATES�此 �And what sort of a state do you think that would be
which was composed of good archers and flute´players and athletes and
masters in other arts�察 �and besides them of those others about whom we
spoke�察�who knew how to go to war and how to kill�察�as well as of orators
puffed up with political pride�察�but in which not one of them all had this
knowledge of the best�察�and there was no one who could tell when it was
better to apply any of these arts or in regard to whom�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I should call such a state bad�察�Socrates。
SOCRATES�此 �You certainly would when you saw each of them
rivalling the other and esteeming that of the greatest importance in the
state�察�'Wherein he himself most excelled。' ��Euripides�察�Antiope。��
I mean that which was best in any art�察�while he was entirely ignorant
of what was best for himself and for the state�察�because�察�as I think�察�he trusts
to opinion which is devoid of intelligence。 In such a case should we not be
right if we said that the state would be full of anarchy and lawlessness�拭�
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ALCIBIADES�此�Decidedly。
SOCRATES�此�But ought we not then�察�think you�察�either to fancy that we
know or really to know�察�what we confidently propose to do or say�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�And if a person does that which he knows or supposes
that he knows�察�and the result is beneficial�察�he will act advantageously both
for himself and for the state�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此 �And if he do the contrary�察 �both he and the state will
suffer�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�Well�察�and are you of the same mind�察�as before�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I am。
SOCRATES�此�But were you not saying that you would call the many
unwise and the few wise�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I was。
SOCRATES�此�And have we not come back to our old assertion that the
many fail to obtain the best because they trust to opinion which is devoid
of intelligence�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�That is the case。
SOCRATES�此�It is good�察�then�察�for the many�察�if they particularly desire
to do that which they know or suppose that they know�察�neither to know nor
to suppose that they know�察�in cases where if they carry out their ideas in
action they will be losers rather than gainers�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�What you say is very true。
SOCRATES�此�Do you not see that I was really speaking the truth when
I affirmed that the possession of any other kind of knowledge was more
likely to injure than to benefit the possessor�察 �unless he had also the
knowledge of the best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do now�察�if I did not before�察�Socrates。
SOCRATES�此�The state or the soul�察�therefore�察�which wishes to have a
right existence must hold firmly to this knowledge�察�just as the sick man
clings to the physician�察�or the passenger depends for safety on the pilot。
And if the soul does not set sail until she have obtained this she will be all
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ALCIBIADES II
the safer in the voyage through life。 But when she rushes in pursuit of
wealth or bodily strength or anything else�察 �not having the knowledge of
the best�察�so much the more is she likely to meet with misfortune。 And he
who has the love of learning ��Or�察 �reading polumatheian�察 �'abundant
learning。'���察�and is skilful in many arts�察�and does not possess the knowledge
of the best�察�but is under some other guidance�察�will make�察�as he deserves�察�a
sorry voyage�此�he will�察�I believe�察�hurry through the brief space of human
life�察�pilotless in mid´ocean�察�and the words will apply to him in which the
poet blamed his enemy�此�
'。。。Full many a thing he knew�察�But knew them all badly。' ��A fragment
from the pseudo´Homeric poem�察�'Margites。'��
ALCIBIADES�此�How in the world�察�Socrates�察�do the words of the poet
apply to him�拭�They seem to me to have no bearing on the point whatever。
SOCRATES�此 �Quite the contrary�察 �my sweet friend�此 �only the poet is
talking in riddles after the fashion of his tribe。 For all poetry has by nature
an enigmatical character�察 �and it is by no means everybody who can
interpret it。 And if�察�moreover�察�the spirit of poetry happen to seize on a man
who is of a begrudging temper and does not care to manifest his wisdom
but keeps it to himself as far as he can�察�it does indeed require an almost
superhuman wisdom to discover what the poet would be at。 You surely do
not suppose that Homer�察�the wisest and most divine of poets�察�was unaware
of the impossibility of knowing a thing badly�此�for it was no less a person
than he who said of Margites that 'he knew many things�察�but knew them
all badly。' The solution of the riddle is this�察�I imagine��By 'badly' Homer
meant 'bad' and 'knew' stands for 'to know。' Put the words together��the
metre will suffer�察�but the poet's meaning is clear��'Margites knew all these
things�察�but it was bad for him to know them。' And�察�obviously�察�if it was bad
for him to know so many things�察�he must have been a good´for´ nothing�察�
unless the argument has played us false。
ALCIBIADES�此�But I do not think that it has�察�Socrates�此�at least�察�if the
argument is fallacious�察�it would be difficult for me to find another which I
could trust。
SOCRATES�此�And you are right in thinking so。
ALCIBIADES�此�Well�察�that is my opinion。
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SOCRATES�此 �But tell me�察 �by Heaven��you must see now the nature
and greatness of the difficulty in which you�察�like others�察�have your part。
For you change about in all directions�察�and never come to rest anywhere�此�
what you once most strongly inclined to suppose�察�you put aside again and
quite alter your mind。 If the God to whose shrine you are going should
appear at this moment�察 �and ask before you made your prayer�察 �'Whether
you would desire to have one of the things which we mentioned at first�察�or
whether he should leave you to make your own request��'what in either
case�察 �think you�察 �would be the best way to take advantage of the
opportunity�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此 �Indeed�察 �Socrates�察 �I could not answer you without
consideration。 It seems to me to be a wild thing ��The Homeric word
margos is said to be here employed in allusion to the quotation from the
'Margites' which Socrates has just made�察 �but it is not us