castle rackrent(性針戴蒙韻)-及5嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Whatever business he had to do�察�his daughter tells us�察�was done in the
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midst of his family。 Maria copied his letters of business and helped him
to receive his rents。 'On most Irish estates��' says Miss Edgeworth�察�'there
is�察 �or there was�察 �a personage commonly called a driver��a person who
drives and impounds cattle for rent and arrears。' The drivers are�察 �alas� �
from time to time too necessary in collecting Irish rents。 Mr。 Edgeworth
desired that none of his tenants should pay rent to any one but himself�察�
thus taking away subordinate interference�察 �he became individually
acquainted with his tenantry。 He also made himself acquainted with the
different value of land on his estate。 In every case where the tenant had
improved the land his claim to preference over every new proposer was
admitted。 The mere plea�察�'I have been on your Honour's estate so many
years��' was disregarded。 'Nor was it advantageous that each son��' says
Miss Edgeworth�察�'of the original tenant should live on his subdivided little
potato garden without further exertion of mind or body。' Further on she
continues�此 �'Not being in want of ready money�察�my father was not obliged
to let his land to the highest bidder。 He could afford to have good
tenants。' In the old leases claims of duty´fowl�察�of duty´work�察�of man or
beast had been inserted。 Mr。 Edgeworth was one of the first to abolish
them。 The only clause he continued in every lease was the alienation fine�察�
which was to protect the landlord and to prevent a set of middlemen from
taking land at a reasonable rent�察�and letting it immediately at the highest
possible price。 His indulgence as to the time he allowed for the payment
of rent was unusually great�察�but beyond the half year the tenants knew his
strictness so well�察�that they rarely ventured to go into arrears�察�and never
did so with impunity。 'To his character as a good landlord��' she continues�察�
'was added that he was a real gentleman�察�this phrase comprises a good deal
in the opinion of the lower Irish。' There is one very curious paragraph in
which Miss Edgeworth describes how her father knew how to make use of
the tenants' prejudices�察 �putting forward his wishes rather than his
convictions。 'It would be impossible for me��' says his daughter�察�'without
ostentation to give any of the proofs I might record of my father's
liberality。 Long after they were forgotten by himself�察 �they were
remembered by the warm´hearted people among whom he lived。'
Mr。 Edgeworth was one of those people born to get their own way。
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Every one seems to have felt the influence of his strong character。 It was
not only with his family and his friends that he held his ownthe tenants
and the poor people rallied to his command。 To be sure�察�it sounds like
some old Irish legend to be told that Mr。 Edgeworth had so loud a voice
that it could be heard a mile off�察�and that his steward�察�who lived in a lodge
at that distance from the house�察�could hear him calling from the drawing´
room window�察�and would come up for orders。
In 1778�察 �says Miss Edgeworth retrospectively�察 �when England was
despatching her armies all over the world�察�she had no troops to spare for
the defence of Ireland then threatened with a French invasion�察 �and the
principal nobility and gentry embodied themselves volunteers for the
defence of the country。 The Duke of Leinster and Lord Charlemont were
at the head of the 'corps which in perfect order and good discipline
rendered their country respectable。' The friends of Ireland�察�profiting by
England's growing consideration for the sister country�察�now obtained for
her great benefits for which they had long been striving�察�and Mr。 Grattan
moved an address to the throne asserting the legislative independence of
Ireland。 The address passed the House�察�and�察�as his daughter tells us�察�Mr。
Edgeworth immediately published a pamphlet。 Miss Edgeworth
continues as follows�察 �describing his excellent course of action�此 �'My
father honestly and unostentatiously used his utmost endeavours to
obliterate all that could tend to perpetuate ill´will in the country。 Among
the lower classes in his neighbourhood he endeavoured to discourage that
spirit of recrimination and retaliation which the lower Irish are too prone
to cherish。 They are such acute observers that there is no deceiving them
as to the state of the real feeling of their superiors。 They know the signs
of what passes within with more certainty than any physiognomist�察�and it
was soon seen by all those who had any connection with him that my
father was sincere in his disdain of vengeance。' Further on�察 �describing
his political feelings�察 �she says that on the subject of the Union in
parliamentary phrase he had not then been able to make up his mind。
She describes with some pride his first speech in the Irish House at two
o'clock in the morning�察�when the wearied members were scarcely awake
to hear it�察�and when some of the outstretched members were aroused by
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their neighbours to listen to him� �'When people perceived that it was not
a set speech��' says Miss Edgeworth�察�'they became interested。' He stated
his doubts just as they had occurred as he threw them by turn into each
scale。 After giving many reasons in favour of what appeared to be the
advantages of the Union�察�he unexpectedly gave his vote against it�察�because
he said he had been convinced by what he had heard one night�察�that the
Union was decidedly against the wishes of the majority of men of sense
and property in the nation。 He added ��and surely Mr。 Edgeworth's
opinion should go for something still�� that if he should be convinced that
the opinions of the country changed�察�his vote would be in its favour。
His biographer tells us that Mr。 Edgeworth was much complimented
on his speech by BOTH sides�察�by those for whom he voted�察�and also by
those who found that the best arguments on the other side of the question
had been undoubtedly made by him。 It is a somewhat complicated
statement and state of feeling to follow�察�to the faithful daughter nothing is
impossible where her father is concerned。 This vote�察�I believe�察�cost Mr。
Edgeworth his peerage。 'When it was known that he had voted against the
Union he became suddenly the idol of those who would previously have
stoned him��' says his devoted biographer。 It must not�察 �however�察 �be
forgotten that Mr。 Edgeworth had refused an offer of L3000 for his seat for
two or three weeks�察�during that momentous period when every vote was of
importance。 Mr。 Pitt�察 �they say�察 �spent over L2��000��000 in carrying the
measure which he deemed so necessary。
IV
As a rule people's boo