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     Whatever business he had to do�察�his daughter tells us�察�was done in the 



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midst of his family。        Maria copied his letters of business and helped him 

to receive his rents。       'On most Irish estates��' says Miss Edgeworth�察�'there 

is�察  �or   there   was�察  �a   personage   commonly   called   a   driver��a   person   who 

drives   and   impounds   cattle   for   rent   and   arrears。'   The   drivers   are�察  �alas� �

from time to time too necessary in collecting Irish rents。                Mr。 Edgeworth 

desired   that   none  of  his tenants should   pay  rent   to   any  one   but   himself�察�

thus     taking    away    subordinate      interference�察    �he   became      individually 

acquainted with his tenantry。           He also made himself acquainted with the 

different value of land on his estate。           In every case where the tenant had 

improved the land   his claim  to preference   over every  new proposer   was 

admitted。      The mere plea�察�'I have been on your Honour's estate so many 

years��'   was   disregarded。      'Nor   was   it   advantageous   that   each   son��'   says 

Miss Edgeworth�察�'of the original tenant should live on his subdivided little 

potato   garden   without   further   exertion   of   mind   or   body。'   Further   on   she 

continues�此     �'Not being in want of ready money�察�my father was not obliged 

to   let  his  land   to  the  highest    bidder。    He    could   afford    to  have   good 

tenants。'    In the old leases claims of duty´fowl�察�of duty´work�察�of man or 

beast had been inserted。          Mr。 Edgeworth was one of the first to abolish 

them。     The only clause he continued in every lease was the alienation fine�察�

which was to protect the landlord and to prevent a set of middlemen from 

taking land at a reasonable rent�察�and letting it immediately at the highest 

possible price。      His indulgence as to the time he allowed for the payment 

of rent was unusually great�察�but beyond the half year the tenants knew his 

strictness so well�察�that they rarely ventured to go into arrears�察�and never 

did so with impunity。         'To his character as a good landlord��' she continues�察�

'was added that he was a real gentleman�察�this phrase comprises a good deal 

in the opinion of the lower Irish。'          There is one very curious paragraph in 

which Miss Edgeworth describes how her father knew how to make use of 

the    tenants'    prejudices�察   �putting    forward     his   wishes     rather   than    his 

convictions。      'It would be impossible for me��' says his daughter�察�'without 

ostentation     to   give   any   of  the   proofs    I  might   record    of   my   father's 

liberality。    Long     after   they    were     forgotten    by    himself�察    �they   were 

remembered by the warm´hearted people among whom he lived。' 

     Mr。   Edgeworth   was   one   of   those   people   born   to   get   their   own   way。 



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Every one seems to have felt the influence of his strong character。                  It was 

not only with his family and his friends that he held his ownthe tenants 

and the poor people rallied to his command。                 To be sure�察�it sounds like 

some old Irish legend to be told that Mr。 Edgeworth had so loud a voice 

that it could be heard a mile off�察�and that his steward�察�who lived in a lodge 

at that distance from the house�察�could hear him calling from the drawing´ 

room window�察�and would come up for orders。 

     In   1778�察   �says  Miss    Edgeworth      retrospectively�察    �when    England     was 

despatching her armies all over the world�察�she had no troops to spare for 

the   defence   of   Ireland   then   threatened   with   a   French   invasion�察  �and   the 

principal     nobility   and   gentry    embodied      themselves     volunteers     for  the 

defence of the country。         The Duke of Leinster and Lord Charlemont were 

at   the  head    of  the  'corps   which     in  perfect   order   and   good    discipline 

rendered their country respectable。'            The friends of Ireland�察�profiting by 

England's growing consideration for the sister country�察�now obtained for 

her great benefits for which they had long been striving�察�and Mr。 Grattan 

moved an address to the throne asserting the legislative independence of 

Ireland。     The address passed the House�察�and�察�as his daughter tells us�察�Mr。 

Edgeworth        immediately       published      a   pamphlet。        Miss     Edgeworth 

continues      as  follows�察   �describing    his  excellent    course    of  action�此   �'My 

father    honestly     and   unostentatiously       used   his   utmost    endeavours      to 

obliterate all that could tend to perpetuate ill´will in the country。               Among 

the lower classes in his neighbourhood he endeavoured to discourage that 

spirit of recrimination and retaliation which the lower Irish are too prone 

to cherish。     They are such acute observers that there is no deceiving them 

as to the state of the real feeling of their superiors。            They know the signs 

of what passes within with more certainty than any physiognomist�察�and it 

was   soon   seen   by   all   those   who   had   any   connection   with   him   that   my 

father   was   sincere   in   his   disdain   of   vengeance。'   Further   on�察  �describing 

his   political   feelings�察   �she   says   that   on  the   subject    of  the   Union    in 

parliamentary   phrase   he   had   not   then   been   able   to   make   up   his   mind。 

She describes with some pride his first speech in the Irish House at two 

o'clock in the morning�察�when the wearied members were scarcely awake 

to hear it�察�and when some of the outstretched members were aroused by 



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their neighbours to listen to him�          �'When people perceived that it was not 

a set speech��' says Miss Edgeworth�察�'they became interested。'                   He stated 

his doubts just as they had occurred as he threw them by turn into each 

scale。    After giving many reasons in favour of what appeared to be the 

advantages of the Union�察�he unexpectedly gave his vote against it�察�because 

he said he had been convinced by what he had heard one night�察�that the 

Union was decidedly against the wishes of the majority of men of sense 

and    property    in  the   nation。    He    added    ��and   surely    Mr。   Edgeworth's 

opinion should go for something still�� that if he should be convinced that 

the opinions of the country changed�察�his vote would be in its favour。 

     His biographer tells   us  that Mr。  Edgeworth   was   much   complimented 

on his speech by BOTH sides�察�by those for whom he voted�察�and also by 

those who found that the best arguments on the other side of the question 

had    been    undoubtedly      made    by   him。   It   is  a  somewhat      complicated 

statement and state of feeling to follow�察�to the faithful daughter nothing is 

impossible where her father is concerned。              This vote�察�I believe�察�cost Mr。 

Edgeworth his peerage。 'When it was known that he had voted against the 

Union he became suddenly the idol of those who would previously have 

stoned     him��'   says   his  devoted    biographer。      It  must    not�察 �however�察    �be 

forgotten that Mr。 Edgeworth had refused an offer of L3000 for his seat for 

two or three weeks�察�during that momentous period when every vote was of 

importance。       Mr。   Pitt�察  �they   say�察  �spent   over   L2��000��000   in   carrying   the 

measure which he deemed so necessary。 



                                              IV 



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