唄診窮徨慕 > 哂猟圻广窮徨慕 > how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並) >

及19嫗

how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及19嫗

弌傍�� how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




destroys   the   freedom   of   reminiscence�察  �takes   away   the   spontaneity�察  �and 

substitutes a mastery of form for a mastery of essence。 It means�察�rather�察�a 

perfect   grasp   of   the   gist   of   the   story�察  �with   sufficient   familiarity   with   its 

form to determine the manner of its telling。 The easiest way to obtain this 

mastery is�察�I think�察�to analyse the story into its simplest elements of plot。 

Strip it bare of style�察�description�察�interpolation�察�and find out simply WHAT 

HAPPENED。            Personally�察    �I  find   that   I  get   first  an   especially     vivid 

conception   of   the   climax�察  �this   then   has   to   be   rounded   out   by   a   clear 

perception of the successive steps which lead up to the climax。 One has�察�so�察�

the framework of the story。 The next process is the filling in。 

     There   must   be   many   ways   of   going   about   this   filling   in。   Doubtless 

many of my readers�察�in the days when it was their pet ambition to make a 



                                               59 


´ Page 60´

                 HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



good recitation   in   school�察�evolved personally  effective ways   of   doing   it�察�

for it is�察�after all�察�the same thing as preparing a bit of history or a recitation 

in literature。   But   for   the   consideration   of   those   who   find   it   hard   to   gain 

mastery of fact without mastery of its stated form�察�I give my own way。 I 

have always used the childlike plan of talking it out。 Sometimes inaudibly�察�

sometimes   in   loud   and   penetrating   tones   which   arouse   the   sympathetic 

curiosity of my family�察�I tell it over and over�察�to an imaginary hearer。 That 

hearer is as present to me�察�always has been�察�as Stevenson's ;friend of the 

children; who takes the part of the enemy in their solitary games of war。 

His criticism ��though he is a most composite double´ sexed creature who 

should     not   have    a  designating      personal    pronoun��      is  all´revealing。    For 

talking it out instantly brings to light the weak spots in one's recollection。 

;What was it the little crocodile said�拭─ �Just how did the little pig get into 

his   house�拭─   �What   was   that   link   in   the   chain   of   circumstances   which 

brought   the   wily   fox   to   confusion�拭─  �The   slightest   cloud   of   uncertainty 

becomes obvious in a moment。 And as obvious becomes one's paucity of 

expression�察�one's week´kneed imagination�察�one's imperfect assimilation of 

the spirit of the story。 It is not a flattering process。 

     But   when   these   faults   have   been   corrected   by   several   attempts�察  �the 

method   gives   a   confidence�察  �a   sense   of   sureness�察  �which   makes   the   real 

telling   to   a   real   audience   ready   and   spontaneously   smooth。   Scarcely   an 

epithet or   a sentence   comes   out   as   it   was   in   the   preliminary  telling�察  �but 

epithets and sentences in sufficiency do come�察�the beauty of this method is 

that it brings freedom instead of bondage。 

     A  valuable   exception   to   the   rule   against   memorising   must   be   noted 

here。 Especially beautiful and indicative phrases of the original should be 

retained�察  �and   even   whole   passages�察  �where   they   are   identified   with   the 

beauty of the tale。 And in stories like The Three Bears or Red Riding Hood 

the   exact   phraseology   of   the   conversation   as   given   in   familiar   versions 

should be preserved�察�it is in a way sacred�察�a classic�察�and not to be altered。 

But   beyond   this   the   language   should   be   the   teller's   own�察  �and   probably 

never twice the same。 Sureness�察�ease�察�freedom�察�and the effect of personal 

reminiscence come only from complete mastery。 I repeat�察�with emphasis�此�

Know your story。 



                                               60 


´ Page 61´

                 HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



     The     next    suggestion      is   a   purely    practical    one    concerning       the 

preparation of physical conditions。 See that the children are seated in close 

and     direct   range     of   your    eye�察  �the   familiar     half´circle    is   the   best 

arrangement for small groups of children�察�but the teacher should be at a 

point OPPOSITE the centre of the arc�察�NOT in its centre�此�it is important 

also not to have the ends too far at the side�察�and to have no child directly 

behind another�察�or in such a position that he has not an easy view of the 

teacher's full face。 Little children have to be physically close in order to be 

mentally close。 It is�察�of course�察�desirable to obtain a hushed quiet before 

beginning�察  �but   it   is   not   so   important   as   to   preserve   your   own   mood   of 

holiday�察�and theirs。 If the fates and the atmosphere of the day are against 

you�察�it is wiser to trust to the drawing power of the tale itself�察�and abate the 

irritation of didactic methods。 And never break into that magic tale�察�once 

begun�察  �with   an   admonition   to   Ethel   or   Tommy   to   stop   squirming�察  �or   a 

rebuke to ;that little girl over there who is not listening。; Make her listen� �

It is probably your fault if she is not。 If you are telling a good story�察�and 

telling it   well�察 �she  can't help listening��unless   she  is   an   abnormal   child�察�

and if she is abnormal   you ought not to spoil   the mood of   the others   to 

attend to her。 

     I say ;never; interrupt your story�察�perhaps it is only fair to amend that�察�

after   the   fashion   of   dear   little   Marjorie   Fleming�察  �and   say   ;neverif   you 

can     help   it。;   For�察  �of   course�察   �there    are   exceptional      occasions�察    �and 

exceptional children�察�some latitude must be left for the decisions of good 

common sense acting on the issue of the moment。 

     The children ready�察�your own mood must be ready。 It is desirable that 

the    spirit  of   the   story   should    be   imposed      upon    the   room     from    the 

beginning�察  �and   this   result   hangs   on   the   clearness   and   intensity   of   the 

teller's initiatory mood。 An act of memory and of will is the requisite。 The 

story´teller     must    call  upit   comes     with   the   swiftness     of  thoughtthe 

essential emotion of the story as he felt it first。 A single volition puts him 

in touch with the characters and the movement of the tale。 This is scarcely 

more than a brief and condensed reminiscence�察�it is the stepping back into 

a mood once experienced。 

     Let us say�察�for example�察�that the story to be told is the immortal fable 



                                               61 


´ Page 62´

                 HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



of The Ugly Duckling。 Before you open your lips the whole pathetic series 

of the little swan's mishaps should flash across your mind��not accurately 

and   in   detail�察  �but   blended   to   a   composite   of   undeserved   ignominy�察  �of 

baffled     innocent     wonderment�察       �and   of   delicious     underlying      satire   on 

average   views。   With   this   is   mingled   the   feeling   of   Andersen's   delicate 

whimsicality of style。 The dear little Ugly Duckling waddles�察�bodily�察�into 

your consciousness�察�and you pity his sorrows and anticipate his triumph�察�

before you begin。 

     This   preliminary   recognition   of   mood   is   what   brings   the   delicious 

quizzical twitch to the mouth of a good raconteur who begins an anecdote 

the hearers know will be side´splitting。 It is what makes grandmother sigh 

gently and look far over your heads�察�when her soft voice commences the 

story   of   ;the   little   girl   who   lived   long�察  �long   ago。;   It   is   a   natural   and 

instinctive  thing   with   the  born story´teller�察  �a  necessary  thing   for   anyone 

who will become a story´teller。 

 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議