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the soul of the indian(喩芦繁岻至)-及12嫗

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                               THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



                     V THE UNWRITTEN 

                            SCRIPTURES 



     A   Living    Book。    The    Sioux    Story   of  Creation。    The     First  Battle。 

Another Version of the Flood。 Our Animal Ancestry。 

     A   missionary   once   undertook   to   instruct   a   group   of   Indians   in   the 

truths of his holy religion。       He told them of the creation of the earth in six 

days�察�and of the fall of our first parents by eating an apple。 

     The   courteous   savages   listened   attentively�察  �and�察  �after   thanking   him�察�

one related in his turn a very ancient tradition concerning the origin of the 

maize。     But    the   missionary    plainly   showed     his  disgust    and   disbelief�察�

indignantly saying�此 �What I delivered to you were sacred truths�察�but this 

that you tell me is mere fable and falsehood� ─�

     ;My brother�察─�gravely replied the offended Indian�察 �it seems that you 

have not been well grounded   in the rules of   civility。            You saw that   we�察�

who practice these rules�察�believed your stories�察�why�察�then�察�do you refuse to 

credit ours�拭─�

     Every religion has its Holy Book�察�and ours was a mingling of history�察�

poetry�察�and prophecy�察�of   precept and folk´lore�察�even such as the   modern 

reader finds within the covers of his Bible。             This Bible of ours was our 

whole   literature�察  �a   living   Book�察  �sowed   as   precious   seed   by   our   wisest 

sages�察�and springing anew in the wondering eyes and upon the  innocent 

lips of   little  children。   Upon its   hoary  wisdom  of   proverb   and   fable�察 �its 

mystic   and   legendary   lore   thus   sacredly   preserved   and   transmitted   from 

father to son�察�was based in large part our customs and philosophy。 

     Naturally     magnanimous       and   open´minded�察      �the  red  man    prefers   to 

believe that the Spirit of God is not breathed into man alone�察�but that the 

whole created universe is a sharer in the immortal perfection of its Maker。 

His imaginative and poetic mind�察�like that of the Greek�察�assigns to every 

mountain�察�tree�察�and spring its spirit�察�nymph�察�or divinity either beneficent or 

mischievous。       The   heroes   and   demigods   of   Indian   tradition   reflect   the 

characteristic   trend of   his thought�察  �and   his   attribution of   personality  and 

will to the elements�察�the sun and stars�察�and all animate or inanimate nature。 



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                                 THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



     In the Sioux story of creation�察�the great Mysterious One is not brought 

directly   upon   the   scene   or   conceived   in   anthropomorphic   fashion�察  �but 

remains       sublimely      in   the   background。         The     Sun     and    the   Earth�察�

representing the male and female principles�察�are the main elements in his 

creation�察�the other planets being subsidiary。 The enkindling warmth of the 

Sun   entered   into   the   bosom  of   our   mother�察  �the   Earth�察  �and   forthwith   she 

conceived and brought forth life�察�both vegetable and animal。 

     Finally there appeared mysteriously Ish´na´e´cha´ge�察�the ;First´Born�察─�

a being in the likeness of man�察�yet more than man�察�who roamed solitary 

among the   animal people   and understood their ways   and their   language。 

They beheld him with wonder and awe�察�for they could do nothing without 

his   knowledge。       He   had   pitched   his   tent   in   the   centre   of   the   land�察  �and 

there was no spot impossible for him to penetrate。 

     At   last�察  �like   Adam�察  �the   ;First´Born;   of   the   Sioux   became   weary   of 

living   alone�察    �and   formed     for  himself   a   companionnot        a   mate�察  �but  a 

brothernot out of a rib from his side�察�but from a splinter which he drew 

from his great toe�         �This was the Little Boy Man�察�who was not created 

full´grown�察  �but   as   an   innocent   child�察  �trusting   and   helpless。       His   Elder 

Brother  was   his   teacher  throughout   every  stage of   human   progress from 

infancy   to   manhood�察  �and   it   is   to   the   rules   which   he   laid   down�察  �and   his 

counsels   to   the   Little   Boy   Man�察  �that   we   trace   many   of   our   most   deep´ 

rooted beliefs and most sacred customs。 

     Foremost   among   the   animal   people   was   Unk´to´mee�察 �the   Spider�察  �the 

original trouble´maker�察�who noted keenly the growth of the boy in wit and 

ingenuity�察�and presently advised the animals to make an end of him�察 �for�察─�

said he�察 �if you do not�察�some day he will be the master of us all� ─                       �But 

they   all   loved   the   Little   Boy   Man   because   he   was   so   friendly   and   so 

playful。     Only the monsters of the deep sea listened�察�and presently took 

his life�察�hiding his body in the bottom  of the sea。                 Nevertheless�察�by  the 

magic power of the First´Born�察�the body was recovered and was given life 

again in the sacred vapor´bath�察�as described in a former chapter。 

     Once more our first ancestor roamed happily among the animal people�察�

who   were   in   those   days   a   powerful   nation。      He   learned   their   ways   and 

their languagefor   they  had   a   common   tongue   in   those days�察�learned   to 



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                               THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



sing like the birds�察�to swim like the fishes�察�and to climb sure´footed over 

rocks like the mountain sheep。           Notwithstanding that he was their good 

comrade and did them no harm�察�Unk´to´mee once more sowed dissension 

among the animals�察�and messages were sent into all quarters of the earth�察�

sea�察�and air�察�that all the tribes might unite to declare war upon the solitary 

man who was destined to become their master。 

     After a time the young man discovered the plot�察�and came home very 

sorrowful。      He loved his animal friends�察�and was grieved that they should 

combine   against   him。      Besides�察  �he   was   naked   and   unarmed。       But   his 

Elder Brother armed him with a bow and flint´headed arrows�察�a stone war´ 

club and a spear。      He likewise tossed a pebble four times into the air�察�and 

each time it became a cliff or wall of rock about the teepee。 

     ;Now�察─�said he�察 �it is time to fight and to assert your supremacy�察�for it 

is they who have brought the trouble upon you�察�and not you upon them� ─�

     Night   and   day   the   Little   Boy   Man   remained   upon   the   watch   for   his 

enemies from the top of the wall�察�and at last he beheld the prairies black 

with   buffalo   herds�察  �and   the   elk   gathering   upon   the   edges   of   the   forest。 

Bears and wolves were closing in from all directions�察�and now from the 

sky the Thunder gave his fearful war´whoop�察�answered by the wolf's long 

howl。 

     The badgers and other burrowers began at once to undermine his rocky 

fortress�察�while the climbers undertook to scale its perpendicular walls。 

     Then for the first time on earth the bow was strung�察�and hundreds of 

flint´headed arrows found their mark in the bodies of the animals�察�while 

each time that the Boy Man swung his stone war´club�察�his enemies fell in 

countless numbers。 

     Finally the insects�察�the little people of the air�察�attacked him in a body�察�

filling his eyes and ears�察�and tormenting him with their poisoned spears�察�so 

that he was in despair。        He called for help upon his Elder Brother�察�who 

ordered him to strike the rocks with his stone war´club。                As soon as he 

had done   so�察 �sparks of   fire   flew upon   the   dry grass of   the prairie   and   it 

burst into flame。 A mighty smoke ascended�察�which drove away the teasing 

swarms of the insect people�察�w

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