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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及47嫗

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     Soc。     And    you    know     the    appellation     given    to   certain   people 

;slavish�察┌�39�А�or�察 �little better than a slave�拭─�

     ��39�А  。�andropododeis���察  �which   has   the   connotation   of   mental   dulness�察�

and           a    low    order   of   intellect�察  �cf。  ;boorish��'    ;rustic�察─   �loutish�察─�

�─�pariah�察─  �conceivably��。  ;Slavish�察─   �servile�察─  �with   us   connote              moral 

rather than intellectual deficiency�察�I suppose。 Hence it is                     impossible 

to preserve the humour of the Socratic argument。 See                         Newman�察�op。 

cit。 i。 107。 

     Euth。 I do。 

     Soc。 Is it a term suggestive of the wisdom or the ignorance of those to 

whom it is applied�拭�

     Euth。 Clearly of their ignorance。 

     Soc。 Ignorance�察�for instance�察�of smithying�拭�

     Euth。 No�察�certainly not。 

     Soc。 Then possibly ignorance of carpentering�拭�

     Euth。 No�察�nor yet ignorance of carpentering。 

     Soc。 Well�察�ignorance of shoemaking�拭�

     Euth。   No�察  �nor   ignorance   of   any   of   these�此  �rather   the   reverse�察  �for   the 

majority   of   those   who   do   know   just   these   matters   are   ;little   better   than 



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slaves。; 

     Soc。 You mean it is a title particularly to those who are ignorant of the 

beautiful�察�the good�察�the just�殖�40�А�

     ��40�А�Cf。 Goethe's ;Im Ganzen Guten Schonen resolut zu leben。; 

     It is�察�in my opinion ��he replied��。 

     Soc。   Then     we   must   in  every   way   strain   every   nerve   to   avoid   the 

imputation of being slaves�拭�

     Euth。 Nay�察�Socrates�察�by all that is holy�察�I did flatter myself that at any 

rate   I   was   a   student   of   philosophy�察  �and   on   the   right   road   to   be   taught 

everything essential to one who would fain make beauty and goodness his 

pursuit。��41�А�So that now you may well imagine my despair when�察�for all 

my pains expended�察�I cannot even answer the questions put to me about 

what most of all a man should know�察�and there is no path of progress open 

to me�察�no avenue of improvement left。 

     ��41�А   。�tes   kalokagathias���察    �the   virtue   of  the   ��kalos    te  kagathos�� 

nobility of soul。 Cf。 above�察�I。 vi。 14。 

     Thereupon   Socrates�此  �Tell   me�察  �Euthydemus�察  �have   you   ever   been   to 

Delphi�拭�

     Yes�察�certainly�察�twice ��said he��。 

     Soc。   And   did   you   notice   an   inscription   somewhere   on   the   temple�此�

��GNOMI              SEAUTON��KNOW THYSELF�拭�

     Euth。 I did。 

     Soc。  Did   you�察  �possibly�察  �pay  no   regard   to   the   inscription�拭  �or   did   you 

give it heed and try to discover who and what you were�拭�

     I can safely say I did not ��he answered��。 That much I made quite sure I 

knew�察�at any rate�察�since if I did not know even myself�察�what in the world 

did I know�拭�

     Soc。 Can a man be said�察�do you think�察�to know himself who knows his 

own name and nothing more�拭�or must he not rather set to work precisely 

like the would´be purchaser of a horse�察�who certainly does not think that 

he has got the knowledge he requires until he has discovered whether the 

beast is tractable or stubborn�察�strong or weak�察�quick or slow�察�and how it 

stands with the other points�察�serviceable or the reverse�察�in reference to the 



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use    and   purpose     of   a  horse�拭   �So�察  �I  say�察 �must    a  man    in   like  manner 

interrogate his own nature in reference to a man's requirements�察�and learn 

to know his own capacities�察�must he not�拭�

     Euth。 Yes�察�so it strikes me�此�he who knows not his own ability knows 

not himself。 

     Soc。 And this too is plain�察�is it not�此�that through self´knowledge men 

meet with countless blessings�察�and through ignorance of themselves with 

many      evils�拭   �Because�察    �the   man     who    knows     himself     knows     what     is 

advantageous   to   himself�察  �he   discerns   the   limits   of   his   powers�察  �and   by 

doing what he knows�察�he provides himself with what he needs and so does 

well�察�or�察�conversely�察�by holding aloof from what he knows not�察�he avoids 

mistakes   and   thereby   mishaps。   And   having   now   a   test   to   gauge   other 

human   beings   he   uses   their   need   as   a   stepping´stone   to   provide   himself 

with good and to avoid evil。 Whereas he who does not know himself�察�but 

is   mistaken   as   to   his   own   capacity�察  �is   in   like   predicament   to   the   rest   of 

mankind and all human matters else�察�he neither knows what he wants�察�nor 

what he is doing�察�nor the people whom he deals with�察�and being all abroad 

in these respects�察�he misses what is good and becomes involved in what is 

ill。 

     Again�察  �he   that   knows   what   he   is   doing   through   the   success   of   his 

performance attains to fame and honour�察�his peers and co´mates are glad 

to make use of him�察�whilst his less successful neighbours�察�failing in their 

affairs�察�are anxious to secure his advice�察�his guidance�察�his protection�撮�42�А�

they  place   their   hopes   of   happiness   in   him�察  �and   for   all   these   causes��43�А�

single him out as the chief object of their affection。 He�察�on the contrary�察�

who knows not what he does�察�who chooses amiss and fails in what he puts 

his   hands   to�察  �not   only   incurs   loss   and   suffers   chastisement   through   his 

blunders�察�but step by step loses reputation and becomes a laughing´stock�察�

and in the end is doomed to a life of dishonour and contempt。 

     ��42�А�Cf。 Dante�察 �Tu duca�察�tu maestro�察�tu signore。; 

     ��43�А   �Reading�察    。�dia    panta   tauta���察   �or  if  ��dia   tauta���察  �translate    ;and 

therefore。; 

     What is true of individuals is true also of communities。��44�А�That state 



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which   in   ignorance   of   its   power   goes   to   war   with   a   stronger   than   itself 

ends by being uprooted or else reduced to slavery。 

     ��44�А �Or�察  �more   lit。  ;A  law  which   applies�察 �you   will observe�察 �to   bodies 

politic。; 

     Thereupon Euthydemus�此�Be assured I fully concur in your opinion�察�the 

precept KNOW THYSELF cannot be too   highly valued�察�but what is   the 

application�拭�What the starting´point of self´examination�拭�I look to you for 

an explanation�察�if you would kindly give one。��45�А�

     ��45�А�Or�察 �at what point to commence the process of self´inspection�拭�

there is the mystery。 I look to you�察�if you are willing�察�to                  interpret it。; 

     Well ��replied Socrates���察�I presume you know quite well the distinction 

between good and bad things�此�your knowledge may be relied upon so far�拭�

     Why�察    �yes�察  �to  be   sure   ��replied   the   youth���察   �for  without    that   much 

discernment I should indeed be worse than any slave。��46�А�

     ��46�А�Lit。 ;if I did not know even that。; 

     Come then ��said he���察�do you give me an explanation of the things so 

termed。 

     That is fortunately not hard ��replied the youth��。 First of all�察�health in 

itself I hold to be a good�察�and disease in itself an evil�察�and in the next place 

the sources of either of those aforenamed�察�meats and drinks�察�and habits of 

life�撮�47�А  �I   regard   as   good   or   evil   according   as   they   contribute   either   to 

health or to disease。 

     ��47�А�Or�察 �pursuits and occupations;�察 �manners and customs。; 

     Soc。    Then    health    and   disease    themselves     when     they   prove    to  be 

soruces of any good are good�察�but when of any evil�察�evil�拭�

     And   when   ��asked   he���察  �can   health   be   a   source   of   evil�察  �or   disease   a 

source of good�拭�

     Why�察    �bless   me�   �oft

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