the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及47嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Soc。 And you know the appellation given to certain people
;slavish�察┌�39�А�or�察 �little better than a slave�拭─�
��39�А 。�andropododeis���察 �which has the connotation of mental dulness�察�
and a low order of intellect�察 �cf。 ;boorish��' ;rustic�察─ �loutish�察─�
�─�pariah�察─ �conceivably��。 ;Slavish�察─ �servile�察─ �with us connote moral
rather than intellectual deficiency�察�I suppose。 Hence it is impossible
to preserve the humour of the Socratic argument。 See Newman�察�op。
cit。 i。 107。
Euth。 I do。
Soc。 Is it a term suggestive of the wisdom or the ignorance of those to
whom it is applied�拭�
Euth。 Clearly of their ignorance。
Soc。 Ignorance�察�for instance�察�of smithying�拭�
Euth。 No�察�certainly not。
Soc。 Then possibly ignorance of carpentering�拭�
Euth。 No�察�nor yet ignorance of carpentering。
Soc。 Well�察�ignorance of shoemaking�拭�
Euth。 No�察 �nor ignorance of any of these�此 �rather the reverse�察 �for the
majority of those who do know just these matters are ;little better than
151
´ Page 152´
The Memorabilia
slaves。;
Soc。 You mean it is a title particularly to those who are ignorant of the
beautiful�察�the good�察�the just�殖�40�А�
��40�А�Cf。 Goethe's ;Im Ganzen Guten Schonen resolut zu leben。;
It is�察�in my opinion ��he replied��。
Soc。 Then we must in every way strain every nerve to avoid the
imputation of being slaves�拭�
Euth。 Nay�察�Socrates�察�by all that is holy�察�I did flatter myself that at any
rate I was a student of philosophy�察 �and on the right road to be taught
everything essential to one who would fain make beauty and goodness his
pursuit。��41�А�So that now you may well imagine my despair when�察�for all
my pains expended�察�I cannot even answer the questions put to me about
what most of all a man should know�察�and there is no path of progress open
to me�察�no avenue of improvement left。
��41�А 。�tes kalokagathias���察 �the virtue of the ��kalos te kagathos��
nobility of soul。 Cf。 above�察�I。 vi。 14。
Thereupon Socrates�此 �Tell me�察 �Euthydemus�察 �have you ever been to
Delphi�拭�
Yes�察�certainly�察�twice ��said he��。
Soc。 And did you notice an inscription somewhere on the temple�此�
��GNOMI SEAUTON��KNOW THYSELF�拭�
Euth。 I did。
Soc。 Did you�察 �possibly�察 �pay no regard to the inscription�拭 �or did you
give it heed and try to discover who and what you were�拭�
I can safely say I did not ��he answered��。 That much I made quite sure I
knew�察�at any rate�察�since if I did not know even myself�察�what in the world
did I know�拭�
Soc。 Can a man be said�察�do you think�察�to know himself who knows his
own name and nothing more�拭�or must he not rather set to work precisely
like the would´be purchaser of a horse�察�who certainly does not think that
he has got the knowledge he requires until he has discovered whether the
beast is tractable or stubborn�察�strong or weak�察�quick or slow�察�and how it
stands with the other points�察�serviceable or the reverse�察�in reference to the
152
´ Page 153´
The Memorabilia
use and purpose of a horse�拭 �So�察 �I say�察 �must a man in like manner
interrogate his own nature in reference to a man's requirements�察�and learn
to know his own capacities�察�must he not�拭�
Euth。 Yes�察�so it strikes me�此�he who knows not his own ability knows
not himself。
Soc。 And this too is plain�察�is it not�此�that through self´knowledge men
meet with countless blessings�察�and through ignorance of themselves with
many evils�拭 �Because�察 �the man who knows himself knows what is
advantageous to himself�察 �he discerns the limits of his powers�察 �and by
doing what he knows�察�he provides himself with what he needs and so does
well�察�or�察�conversely�察�by holding aloof from what he knows not�察�he avoids
mistakes and thereby mishaps。 And having now a test to gauge other
human beings he uses their need as a stepping´stone to provide himself
with good and to avoid evil。 Whereas he who does not know himself�察�but
is mistaken as to his own capacity�察 �is in like predicament to the rest of
mankind and all human matters else�察�he neither knows what he wants�察�nor
what he is doing�察�nor the people whom he deals with�察�and being all abroad
in these respects�察�he misses what is good and becomes involved in what is
ill。
Again�察 �he that knows what he is doing through the success of his
performance attains to fame and honour�察�his peers and co´mates are glad
to make use of him�察�whilst his less successful neighbours�察�failing in their
affairs�察�are anxious to secure his advice�察�his guidance�察�his protection�撮�42�А�
they place their hopes of happiness in him�察 �and for all these causes��43�А�
single him out as the chief object of their affection。 He�察�on the contrary�察�
who knows not what he does�察�who chooses amiss and fails in what he puts
his hands to�察 �not only incurs loss and suffers chastisement through his
blunders�察�but step by step loses reputation and becomes a laughing´stock�察�
and in the end is doomed to a life of dishonour and contempt。
��42�А�Cf。 Dante�察 �Tu duca�察�tu maestro�察�tu signore。;
��43�А �Reading�察 。�dia panta tauta���察 �or if ��dia tauta���察 �translate ;and
therefore。;
What is true of individuals is true also of communities。��44�А�That state
153
´ Page 154´
The Memorabilia
which in ignorance of its power goes to war with a stronger than itself
ends by being uprooted or else reduced to slavery。
��44�А �Or�察 �more lit。 ;A law which applies�察 �you will observe�察 �to bodies
politic。;
Thereupon Euthydemus�此�Be assured I fully concur in your opinion�察�the
precept KNOW THYSELF cannot be too highly valued�察�but what is the
application�拭�What the starting´point of self´examination�拭�I look to you for
an explanation�察�if you would kindly give one。��45�А�
��45�А�Or�察 �at what point to commence the process of self´inspection�拭�
there is the mystery。 I look to you�察�if you are willing�察�to interpret it。;
Well ��replied Socrates���察�I presume you know quite well the distinction
between good and bad things�此�your knowledge may be relied upon so far�拭�
Why�察 �yes�察 �to be sure ��replied the youth���察 �for without that much
discernment I should indeed be worse than any slave。��46�А�
��46�А�Lit。 ;if I did not know even that。;
Come then ��said he���察�do you give me an explanation of the things so
termed。
That is fortunately not hard ��replied the youth��。 First of all�察�health in
itself I hold to be a good�察�and disease in itself an evil�察�and in the next place
the sources of either of those aforenamed�察�meats and drinks�察�and habits of
life�撮�47�А �I regard as good or evil according as they contribute either to
health or to disease。
��47�А�Or�察 �pursuits and occupations;�察 �manners and customs。;
Soc。 Then health and disease themselves when they prove to be
soruces of any good are good�察�but when of any evil�察�evil�拭�
And when ��asked he���察 �can health be a source of evil�察 �or disease a
source of good�拭�
Why�察 �bless me� �oft