the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及48嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
source of good�拭�
Why�察 �bless me� �often enough ��replied Socrates��。 In the event�察 �for
instance�察 �of some ill´starred expedition or of some disastrous voyage or
other incident of the sort�察�of which veritably there are enough to spare
when those who owing to their health and strength take a part in the affair
are lost�察�whilst those who were left behindas hors de combat�察�on account
of ill´health of other feeblenessare saved。
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Euth。 Yes�察�you are right�察�but you will admit that there are advantages
to be got from strength and lost through weakness。
Soc。 Even so�察 �but ought we to regard those things which at one
moment benefit and at another moment injure us in any strict sense good
rather than evil�拭�
Euth。 No�察 �certainly not�察 �according to that line of argument。 But
wisdom�撮�48�А�Socrates�察�you must on your side admit�察�is irrefragably a good�察�
since there is nothing which or in which a wise man would not do better
than a fool。
��48�А�See above�察�III。 ix。 5。 Here ��sophia�� is not = ��sophrosune��。
Soc。 What say you�拭�Have you never heard of Daedalus�撮�49�А�how he
was seized by Minos on account of his wisdom�察�and forced to be his slave�察�
and robbed of fatherland and freedom at one swoop�拭 �and how�察 �while
endeavouring to make his escape with his son�察�he caused the boy's death
without effecting his own salvation�察�but was carried off among barbarians
and again enslaved�拭�
��49�А �See Ovid。 ;Met。; viii。 159 foll。�察 �261 foll。�察 �Hygin。 ;Fab。; 39�察�
40�察�Diod。 Sic。 iv。 79�察�Paus。 vii。 4。 6。
Yes�察�I know the old story ��he answered��。��50�А�
��50�А�Or�察 �Ah yes�察�of course�察�the tale is current。;
Soc。 Or have you not heard of the ;woes of Palamedes�察┌�51�А �that
commonest theme of song�察 �how for his wisdom's sake Odysseus envied
him and slew him�拭�
��51�А�See Virg。 ;Aen。; ii。 90�察�Hygin。 105�察�Philostr。 ;Her。; x。
Euth。 That tale also is current。
Soc。 And how many others�察�pray�察�do you suppose have been seized on
account of their wisdom�察�and despatched to the great king and at his court
enslaved�殖�52�А�
��52�А�Cf。 Herod。 iii。 129。
Well�察 �prosperity�察 �well´being��53�А 。�he exclaimed���察 �must surely be a
blessing�察�and that the most indisputable�察�Socrates�拭�
��53�А。�to eudaimonein���察 �happiness。; Cf。 Herod。 i。 86。
It might be so ��replied the philosopher�� if it chanced not to be in itself
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a compound of other questionable blessings。
Euth。 And which among the components of happiness and well´being
can possibly be questionable�拭�
None ��he retorted���察 �unless of course we are to include among these
components beauty�察�or strength�察�or wealth�察�or reputation�察�or anything else
of that kind�拭�
Euth。 By heaven� �of course we are to include these�察 �for what would
happiness be without these�拭�
Soc。 By heaven� �yes�察�only then we shall be including the commonest
sources of mischief which befall mankind。 How many are ruined by their
fair faces at the hand of admireres driven to distraction��54�А�by the sight of
beauty in its bloom� �how many�察�tempted by their strength to essay deeds
beyond their power�察�are involved in no small evils� �how many�察�rendered
effeminate by reason of their wealth�察 �have been plotted against and
destroyed�。�55�А�how many through fame and political power have suffered
a world of woe� �
��54�А�Cf。 Plat。 ;Rep。; vii。 517 D�察 �Phaedr。; 249 D。
��55�А�e。g。 Alcibiades。
Well ��the youth replied�� if I am not even right in praising happiness�察�I
must confess I know not for what one ought to supplicate the gods in
prayer。��56�А�
��56�А�See above for Socrates' own form of supplication。
Nay�察 �these are matters ��proceeded Socrates�� which perhaps�察 �through
excessive confidence in your knowledge of them�察 �you have failed to
examine into�察 �but since the state�察 �which you are preparing yourself to
direct�察 �is democratically constituted�撮�57�А �of course you know what a
democracy is。
��57�А�Or�察 �popularly governed。;
Euth。 I presume I do�察�decidedly。
Soc。 Well�察�now�察�is it possible to know what a popular state is without
knowing who the people are�拭�
Euth。 Certainly not。
Soc。 And whom do you consider to be the people�拭�
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Euth。 The poor citizens�察�I should say。
Soc。 Then you know who the poor are�察�of course�拭�
Euth。 Of course I do。
Soc。 I presume you also know who the rich are�拭�
Euth。 As certainly as I know who are the poor。
Soc。 Whom do you understand by poor and rich�拭�
Euth。 By poor I mean those who have not enough to pay for their
necessaries�撮�58�А�and by rich those who have more means than sufficient
for all their needs。
��58�А �Al。 ;who cannot contribute their necessary quota to the taxes
��according to the census��。;
Soc。 Have you noticed that some who possess a mere pittance not only
find this sufficient�察�but actually succeed in getting a surplus out of it�察�while
others do not find a large fortune large enough�拭�
I have�察 �most certainly�察 �and I thank you for the reminder ��replied
Euthydemus��。 One has heard of crowned heads and despotic rulers being
driven by want to commit misdeeds like the veriest paupers。
Then�察�if that is how matters stand ��continued Socrates���察�we must class
these same crowned heads with the commonalty�察�and some possessors of
scant fortunes�察�provided they are good economists�察�with the wealthy�拭�
Then Euthydemus�此�It is the poverty of my own wit which forces me to
this admission。 I bethink me it is high time to keep silence altogether�察�a
little more�察�and I shall be proved to know absolutely nothing。 And so he
went away crestfallen�察 �in an agony of self´ contempt�察 �persuaded that he
was verily and indeed no better than a slave。
Amongst those who were reduced to a like condition by Socrates�察�
many refused to come near him again�察�whom he for his part looked upon
as dolts and dullards。��59�А�But Euthydemus had the wit to understand that�察�
in order to become worthy of account�察 �his best plan was to associate as
much as possible with Socrates�察 �and from that moment�察 �save for some
necessity�察 �he never left himin some points even imitating him in his
habits and pursuits。 Socrates�察�on his side�察�seeing that this was the young
man's disposition�察�disturbed him as little as possible�察 �but in the simplest
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and plainest manner initiated him into everything which he held to be
needful to know or important to practise。
��59�А �Or�察 �as people of dull intelligence and sluggish temperament。;
Cf。 Plat。 ;Gorg。; 488 A。
III
It may be inferred that Socrates was in no hurry for those who were
with him to discover capacities for speech and action or as inventive
geniuses�撮�1�А�without at any rate a well´laid found