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the cannon and the men's helmets�察─ �the mighty are indeed fallen� �It is
much the same thing with the old masters。 There have been fashions in
them as in other forms of art。 Fifty years ago Rembrandt's work brought
but small prices�察 �and until Henri Rochefort ��during his exile�� began to
write up the English school�察�Romneys�察�Lawrences�察�and Gainsboroughs had
little market value。
The result is that most of us are as far away from the solution of that
vexed question ;What is Art�拭─ �at forty as we were when boys。 The
majority have arranged a compromise with their consciences。 We have
found out what we like ��in itself no mean achievement���察�and beyond such
personal preference�察 �are shy of asserting ��as we were fond of doing
formerly�� that such and such works are ;Art�察─ �and such others�察 �while
pleasing and popular�察�lack the requisite qualities。
To enquiring minds�察 �sure that an answer to this question exists�察 �but
uncertain where to look for it�察 �the fact that one of the thinkers of the
century has�察�in a recent ;Evangel�察─�given to the world a definition of ;Art�察─�
the result of many years' meditation�察�will be received with joy。 ;Art�察─�says
Tolstoi�察 �is simply a condition of life。 It is any form of expression that a
human being employs to communicate an emotion he has experienced to a
fellow´mortal。;
An author who�察�in telling his hopes and sorrows�察�amuses or saddens a
reader�察�has in just so much produced a work of art。 A lover who�察�by the
sincerity of his accent�察�communicates the flame that is consuming him to
the object of his adoration�察�the shopkeeper who inspires a purchaser with
his own admiration for an object on sale�察 �the baby that makes its joy
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known to a parent ´ artists� �artists� �Brown�察 �Jones�察 �or Robinson�察 �the
moment he has consciously produced on a neighbor's ear or eye the
sensation that a sound or a combination of colors has effected on his own
organs�察�is an artist� �
Of course much of this has been recognized through all time。 The
formula in which Tolstoi has presented his meditations to the world is�察�
however�察�so fresh that it comes like a revelation�察�with the additional merit
of being understood�察 �with little or no mental effort�察 �by either the casual
reader�察 �who�察 �with half´attention attracted by a headline�察 �says to himself�察�
;`What is art��' That looks interesting� ─�and skims lightly down the lines�察�
or the thinker who�察 �after perusing Tolstoi's lucid words�察 �lays down the
volume with a sigh�察�and murmurs in his humiliation�察 �Why have I been all
these years seeking in the clouds for what was lying ready at my hand�拭─�
The wide´reaching definition of the Russian writer has the effect of a
vigorous blow from a pickaxe at the foundations of a shaky and too
elaborate edifice。 The wordy superstructure of aphorisms and paradox falls
to the ground�察�disclosing fair ;Truth�察─�so long a captive within the temple
erected in her honor。 As�察�however�察�the newly freed goddess smiles on the
ignorant and the pedants alike�察 �the result is that with one accord the
aesthetes raise a howl� �And the `beautiful��'; they say�察 �the beautiful�拭�Can
there be any `Art' without the `Beautiful'�拭�What� �the little greengrocer at
the corner is an artist because�察�forsooth�察�he has arranged some lettuce and
tomatoes into a tempting pile� �Anathema� �Art is a secret known only to the
initiated few�察�the vulgar can neither understand nor appreciate it� �We are
the elect� �Our mission is to explain what Art is and point out her beauty to
a coarse and heedless world。 Only those with a sense of the `beautiful'
should be allowed to enter into her sacred presence。;
Here the expounders of ;Art; plunge into a sea of words�察 �offering a
dozen definitions each more obscure than its predecessor�察 �all of which
have served in turn as watchwords of different ;schools。; Tolstoi's
sweeping truth is too far´ reaching to please these gentry。 Like the priests
of past religions�察 �they would have preferred to keep such knowledge as
they had to themselves and expound it�察�little at a time�察�to the ignorant。 The
great Russian has kicked away their altar and routed the false gods�察�whose
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acolytes will never forgive him。
Those of my readers who have been intimate with painters�察�actors�察�or
musicians�察�will recall with amusement how lightly the performances of an
associate are condemned by the brotherhood as falling short of the high
standard which according to these wiseacres�察 �Art; exacts�察�and how sure
each speaker is of understanding just where a brother carries his ;mote。;
Voltaire once avoided giving a definition of the beautiful by saying�察�
;Ask a toad what his ideas of beauty are。 He will indicate the particular
female toad he happens to admire and praise her goggle´eyes and yellow
belly as the perfection of beauty� ─�A negro from Guiana will make much
the same unsatisfactory answer�察�so the old philosopher recommends us not
to be didactic on subjects where judgments are relative�察�and at the same
time without appeal。
Tolstoi denies that an idea as subtle as a definition of Art can be
classified by pedants�察�and proceeds to formulate the following delightful
axiom�此 �A principle upon which no two people can agree does not exist。;
A truth is proved by its evidence to all。 Discussion outside of that is
simply beating the air。 Each succeeding ;school; has sounded its death´
knell by asserting that certain combinations alone produced beauty ´ the
weakness of to´day being an inclination to see art only in the obscure and
the recondite。 As a result we drift each hour further from the truth。 Modern
intellectuality has formed itself into a scornful aristocracy whose members�察�
esteeming themselves the elite�察�withdraw from the vulgar public�察�and live
in a world of their own�察�looking ��like the Lady of Shalott�� into a mirror at
distorted images of nature and declaring that what they see is art� �
In literature that which is difficult to understand is much admired by
the simple´minded�察 �who also decry pictures that tell their own story� �A
certain class of minds enjoy being mystified�察�and in consequence writers�察�
painters�察�and musicians have appeared who are willing to juggle for their
amusement。 The simple definition given to us by the Russian writer comes
like a breath of wholesome air to those suffocating in an atmosphere of
perfumes and artificial heat。 Art is our common inheritance�察 �not the
property of a favored few。 The wide world we love is full of it�察�and each of
us in his humble way is an artist when with a full heart he communicates
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his delight and his joy to another。 Tolstoi has given us back our birthright�察�
so long withheld�察�and crowned with his aged hands the true artist。
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