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the ways of men(繁断議返粁)-及31嫗

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the   cannon   and   the   men's   helmets�察─  �the   mighty   are   indeed   fallen�   �It   is 

much   the   same   thing   with   the   old   masters。 There   have   been   fashions   in 

them as in other forms of art。 Fifty years ago Rembrandt's work brought 

but   small   prices�察  �and   until   Henri   Rochefort   ��during   his   exile��   began   to 

write up the English school�察�Romneys�察�Lawrences�察�and Gainsboroughs had 

little market value。 

     The result is that most of us are as far away from the solution of that 

vexed     question     ;What     is  Art�拭─   �at  forty   as  we    were   when     boys。    The 

majority   have   arranged   a   compromise   with   their   consciences。   We   have 

found out what we like ��in itself no mean achievement���察�and beyond such 

personal      preference�察    �are  shy    of  asserting    ��as   we   were    fond    of  doing 

formerly��   that   such   and   such   works   are   ;Art�察─  �and   such   others�察  �while 

pleasing and popular�察�lack the requisite qualities。 

     To   enquiring   minds�察  �sure   that   an   answer   to   this   question   exists�察  �but 

uncertain   where   to   look   for   it�察  �the   fact   that   one   of   the   thinkers   of   the 

century has�察�in a recent ;Evangel�察─�given to the world a definition of ;Art�察─�

the result of many years' meditation�察�will be received with joy。 ;Art�察─�says 

Tolstoi�察 �is simply a condition of life。 It is any form of expression that a 

human being employs to communicate an emotion he has experienced to a 

fellow´mortal。; 

     An author who�察�in telling his hopes and sorrows�察�amuses or saddens a 

reader�察�has in just so much produced a work of art。 A lover who�察�by the 

sincerity of his accent�察�communicates the flame that is consuming him to 

the object of his adoration�察�the shopkeeper who inspires a purchaser with 

his   own   admiration   for   an   object   on   sale�察  �the   baby   that   makes   its   joy 



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known       to  a  parent    ´  artists�   �artists�  �Brown�察     �Jones�察  �or   Robinson�察     �the 

moment       he   has   consciously   produced         on   a  neighbor's     ear  or   eye   the 

sensation that a sound or a combination of colors has effected on his own 

organs�察�is an artist� �

     Of   course   much   of   this   has   been   recognized   through   all   time。   The 

formula   in   which   Tolstoi   has   presented   his   meditations   to   the   world   is�察�

however�察�so fresh that it comes like a revelation�察�with the additional merit 

of   being   understood�察  �with   little   or   no   mental   effort�察  �by  either  the   casual 

reader�察  �who�察  �with   half´attention   attracted   by  a   headline�察  �says   to   himself�察�

;`What is art��' That looks interesting� ─�and skims lightly down the lines�察�

or   the   thinker   who�察  �after   perusing   Tolstoi's   lucid   words�察  �lays   down   the 

volume with a sigh�察�and murmurs in his humiliation�察 �Why have I been all 

these years seeking in the clouds for what was lying ready at my hand�拭─�

     The wide´reaching definition of the Russian writer has the effect of a 

vigorous   blow   from   a   pickaxe   at   the   foundations   of   a   shaky   and   too 

elaborate edifice。 The wordy superstructure of aphorisms and paradox falls 

to the ground�察�disclosing fair ;Truth�察─�so long a captive within the temple 

erected in her honor。 As�察�however�察�the newly freed goddess smiles on the 

ignorant   and   the   pedants       alike�察  �the   result   is  that   with  one   accord    the 

aesthetes raise a howl�  �And the `beautiful��'; they say�察 �the beautiful�拭�Can 

there be any `Art' without the `Beautiful'�拭�What� �the little greengrocer at 

the corner is an artist because�察�forsooth�察�he has arranged some lettuce and 

tomatoes into a tempting pile� �Anathema� �Art is a secret known only to the 

initiated few�察�the vulgar can neither understand nor appreciate it� �We are 

the elect� �Our mission is to explain what Art is and point out her beauty to 

a   coarse   and   heedless   world。   Only   those   with   a   sense   of   the   `beautiful' 

should be allowed to enter into her sacred presence。; 

     Here  the  expounders   of   ;Art; plunge  into   a  sea  of   words�察 �offering   a 

dozen   definitions   each   more   obscure   than   its   predecessor�察  �all   of   which 

have     served     in  turn    as  watchwords        of   different    ;schools。;     Tolstoi's 

sweeping truth is too far´ reaching to please these gentry。 Like the priests 

of   past   religions�察  �they  would   have   preferred   to   keep   such   knowledge   as 

they had to themselves and expound it�察�little at a time�察�to the ignorant。 The 

great Russian has kicked away their altar and routed the false gods�察�whose 



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acolytes will never forgive him。 

     Those of my readers who have been intimate with painters�察�actors�察�or 

musicians�察�will recall with amusement how lightly the performances of an 

associate   are   condemned   by  the   brotherhood   as   falling short   of the high 

standard which according to these wiseacres�察 �Art; exacts�察�and how sure 

each speaker is of understanding just where a brother carries his ;mote。; 

     Voltaire   once   avoided   giving   a   definition   of   the   beautiful   by   saying�察�

;Ask a toad what his ideas of beauty are。 He will indicate the particular 

female toad he happens to admire and praise her goggle´eyes and yellow 

belly as the perfection of beauty� ─�A negro from Guiana will make much 

the same unsatisfactory answer�察�so the old philosopher recommends us not 

to be didactic on subjects where judgments are relative�察�and at the same 

time without appeal。 

     Tolstoi   denies   that   an   idea   as   subtle   as   a   definition   of   Art   can   be 

classified by pedants�察�and proceeds to formulate the following delightful 

axiom�此 �A principle upon which no two people can agree does not exist。; 

A   truth   is   proved   by   its   evidence   to   all。   Discussion   outside   of   that   is 

simply  beating   the   air。   Each   succeeding   ;school;   has   sounded   its   death´ 

knell by asserting that certain   combinations alone produced beauty ´   the 

weakness of to´day being an inclination to see art only in the obscure and 

the recondite。 As a result we drift each hour further from the truth。 Modern 

intellectuality has formed itself into a scornful aristocracy whose members�察�

esteeming themselves the elite�察�withdraw from the vulgar public�察�and live 

in a world of their own�察�looking ��like the Lady of Shalott�� into a mirror at 

distorted images of nature and declaring that what they see is art� �

     In literature that which is difficult to understand is much admired by 

the   simple´minded�察  �who   also   decry   pictures   that   tell   their   own   story� �A 

certain class of minds enjoy being mystified�察�and in consequence writers�察�

painters�察�and musicians have appeared who are willing to juggle for their 

amusement。 The simple definition given to us by the Russian writer comes 

like   a breath of   wholesome   air   to those   suffocating   in   an   atmosphere   of 

perfumes      and   artificial   heat。  Art   is  our  common       inheritance�察   �not   the 

property of a favored few。 The wide world we love is full of it�察�and each of 

us in his humble way is an artist when with a full heart he communicates 



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his delight and his joy to another。 Tolstoi has given us back our birthright�察�

so long withheld�察�and crowned with his aged hands the true artist。 



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