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lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了)-及3嫗

弌傍�� lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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none had yet studied the graces of speech�察�when none had yet climbed the 

peaks     sacred    to   the   Goddesses      of   Grecian     song。    ``Where��''    Cicero 

mournfully asks�察 �`are those old verses now��'' 

     Contemporary with Ennius was Quintus Fabius Pactor�察�the earliest of 

the   Roman   annalists。   His   account   of   the   infancy   and   youth   of   Romulus 

and     Remus     has   been    preserved     by   Dionysius�察     �and   contains     a  very 

remarkable reference to the ancient Latin poetry。 Fabius says that�察�in his 

time�察�his   countrymen   were  still in the  habit   of singing ballads   about   the 

Twins。 ``Even in the hut of Faustulus��''so these old lays appear to have 

run�察�`the children of Rhea and Mars were�察�in port and in spirit�察�not like 

unto swineherds or cowherds�察�but such that men might well guess them to 

be of the blood of kings and gods。'' 

     Cato the Censor�察�who also lived in the days of he Second Punic War�察�

mentioned   this   lost   literature   in   his   lost   work   on   the   antiquities   of   his 

country。 Many ages�察�he said�察�before his time�察�there were ballads in praise 

of   illustrious   men�察  �and these  ballads   it   was   the  fashion   for  the guests   at 

banquets to sing in turn while the piper played。 ``Would��'' exclaims Cicero�察�



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``that we still had the old ballads of which Cato speaks��'' 

     Valerius      Maximus       gives    us   exactly     similar    information�察     �without 

mentioning   his   authority�察  �and   observes   that   the   ancient   Roman   ballads 

were   probably   of   more   benefit   to   the   young   than   all   the   lectures   of   the 

Athenian schools�察�and that to the influence of the national poetry were to 

be ascribed the virtues of such men as Camillus and Fabricus。 

     Varro�察�whose authority on all questions connected with the antiquities 

of his country is entitled to the greatest respect�察�tells us that at banquets it 

was   once   the   fashion   for   boys   to   sing�察  �sometimes   with   and   sometimes 

without   instrumental   music�察  �ancient   ballads   in   praise   of   men   of   former 

times。     These     young     performers�察     �he    observes�察    �were    of   unblemished 

character�察  �a   circumstance   which   he   probably   mentioned   because�察  �among 

the Greeks�察�and indeed�察�in his time among the Romans also�察�the morals of 

singing boys were in no high repute。 

     The     testimony     of   Horace�察    �though    given    incidentally�察    �confirms     the 

statements of Cato�察�Valerius Maximus�察�and Varro。 The poet predicts that�察�

under the peaceful administration of Augustus�察�the Romans will�察�over their 

full goblets�察�sing to the pipe�察�after the fashion of their fathers�察�the deeds of 

brave captains�察�and the ancient legends touching the origin of the city。 

     The   proposition�察  �then�察  �that   Rome   had   ballad´poetry   is   not   merely   in 

itself highly probable�察�but is fully proved by direct evidence of the greatest 

weight。 

     This proposition being established�察�it becomes easy to understand why 

the   early   history   of   the   city   is   unlike   almost   everything   else   in   Latin 

literature�察  �native   where   almost   everything   else   is   borrowed�察  �imaginative 

where      almost    everything      else  is  prosaic。    We    can   scarcely     hesitate   to 

pronounce that the magnificent�察�pathetic�察�and truly national legends�察�which 

present   so   striking   a   contrast   to   all that   surrounds   them�察  �are   broken   and 

defaced fragments of that early poetry which�察�even in the age of Cato the 

Censor�察�had become antiquated�察�and of which Tully had never heard a line。 

     That this   poetry  should   have been   suffered   to   perish   will   not   appear 

strange   when   we   consider   how   complete   was   the   triumph   of   the   Greek 

genius over the public mind of Italy。 It is probable that�察�at an early period�察�

Homer and Herodotus furnished some hints to the Latin Minstrels�察�but it 



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was not till after the war with Pyrrhus that the poetry of Rome began to 

put    off    its  old   Ausonian       character。     The    transformation       was     soon 

consummated。 The conquered�察�says Horace�察�led captive the conquerors。 It 

was   precisely  at   the   time   at   which   the   Roman   people   rose   to   unrivalled 

political ascendency that they stooped to pass under the intellectual yoke。 

It was precisely at the time at which the sceptre departed from Greece that 

the empire of her language and of her arts became universal and despotic。 

The revolution indeed was not effected without a struggle。 Naevius seems 

to have been the last of the ancient line of poets。 Ennius was the founder 

of   a   new   dynasty。   Naevius   celebrated   the   First   Punic   War   in   Saturnian 

verse�察�the old national verse of Italy。 Ennius sang the Second Punic War in 

numbers borrowed from the Iliad。 The elder poet�察�in the epitaph which he 

wrote for himself�察�and which is a fine specimen of the early Roman diction 

and versification�察�plaintively boasted that the Latin language had died with 

him。 Thus what to Horace appeared to be the first faint dawn of Roman 

literature   appeared   to   Naevius   to   be   its   hopeless   setting。   In   truth�察  �one 

literature was setting�察�and another dawning。 

       The   victory   of   the   foreign   taste   was   decisive�察  �and   indeed   we   can 

hardly blame the Romans for turning away with contempt from the rude 

lays which had delighted their fathers�察�and giving their whole admiration 

to the immortal productions of Greece。 The national romances�察�neglected 

by the great and the refined whose education had been finished at Rhodes 

or   Athens�察  �continued�察  �it   may   be   supposed�察  �during   some   generations   to 

delight   the   vulgar。   While   Virgil�察  �in   hexameters   of   exquisite   modulation�察�

described the sports of   rustics�察 �those rustics   were  still singing   their  wild 

Saturnian      ballads。    It  is  not  improbable      that�察 �at  the   time   when    Cicero 

lamented the   irreparable   loss   of   the poems   mentioned   by  Cato�察 �a   search 

among   the   nooks   of   the   Appenines�察  �as   active   as   the   search   which   Sir 

Walter      Scott   made     among      the   descendents       of   the   mosstroopers       of 

Liddesdale�察  �might   have   brought   to   light   many   fine   remains   of   ancient 

minstrelsy。 No such search was made。 The Latin ballads perished forever。 

Yet   discerning   critics   have   thought   that   they   could   still   perceive   in   the 

early   history   of    Rome   numerous   fragments           of   this   lost  poetry�察  �as  the 

traveller on classic ground sometimes finds�察�built into the heavy wall of a 



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fort   or   convent�察  �a   pillar   rich   with   acanthus leaves�察  �or   a   frieze   where   the 

Amazons   and   Bacchanals   seem   to   live。  The   theatres   and   temples   of   the 

Greek and the Roman were degraded into the quarries of the Turk and the 

Goth。   Even   so   did   the   ancient   Saturnian   poetry   become   the   quarry   in 

which a crowd of orators and annalists found the materials for their prose。 

     It   is   not   difficult   to   trace   the   process   by   which   the   old   songs   were 

transmuted   into   the   form   which   they   now   wear。   Funeral   panegyric   and 

chronicle appear to have been the intermediate links which connected the 

lost ballads with the histories now 

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